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HOLOCAUST
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VALUABLE COLLECTIONS OF LINKS TO HOLOCAUST
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Top
-
USHMM Web Links The collection available at the United
States Holocaust Memorial Museum web site is virtually indispensable. It
provides a usefully categorized and well annotated cross section of
Holocaust information. A number of the topical categories (e.g., one
entitled, "Genocide and Human Rights,") provide links to material not
readily available elsewhere.
- The Encyclopedia
Britanica on line. This web site provides access to the
complete Encyclopedia Britannica. It is an invaluable web site having
substantial resources for studying the Holocaust including an
extensive collection of links. An excellent search engine
(start by entering the word "Holocaust") makes it easy to quickly find
information.
-
Brandeis University Libraries; Judaica Department
Under the
subtitle Holocaust there is a topical grouping of website links that is
brief but very useful. A good quick reference.
-
DMOZ Open Directory Project: [ there is here a direct link to Holocaust collection
] "...Constructed and maintained by a vast, global
community of volunteer editors." The Open Directory Project is, "…the
largest, most comprehensive human-edited directory of the Web…." DMOZ
provides links to websites on virtually every subject. An extremely
valuable source of information. The Holocaust collection subtopic divisions
are listed as follows [08/29/O2]. --
Arts, Camps,
Denial, Education,
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Museums
Netherlands, Nuremberg,
International Military Tribunal,
Organizations,
People, Poland, Romani -- The collection of links relating to <GYPSIES
(Romani)> as Holocaust victims is unusually extensive. GYPSIES
-
Drew University Center
for Holocaust/Genocide Study has some unusual
items in its list of "Suggested Links." [detailed listing
below under the heading, "General & Topical Material"]
- Deutsches Historisches
Museum, Berlin (German Historical Museum,
Berlin)
This site has a creditable collection of links which includes a very unusual and extensive linked listing of the world’s museums: Linkseite des Deutschen Historischen Museums zu Museen im Internet.
Click Here for more details about this museum website => Deutsches Historisches Museum MUSEUMS
- Gays
& Lesbians in the Holocaust. One can find here a goodly number of
links to Holocaust Websites attesting to and providing information about
the Nazi's persecution and mass murder of gays and lesbians.
HOMOSEXUALS / VICTIMS
/ EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
- Holocaust Home Page
is a part of Shamash, The Jewish Network, and has a number of useful
links to websites that directly refute Holocaust denial. There is
also a good collection of photographs with full source documentation.
- HOLOCAUST/SHOAH
is David M. Dickerson's extremely valuable easy to use collection of
fully annotated links organized by categories: "Organizations; Archives &
References; Personal Responses; Educational Projects & Tools; List &
Conference Archives; Survivors & Rescuers; The Third Reich." Dickerson's
Home Page contains other useful materials, espcially his web page on the
subject of anti-Semitism.
-
Literature of the Holocaust; maintained by Al Filreis.
This is certainly an extraordinary source
of information. Organized alphabetically (with a helpful search engine)
it provides electronic access to complete articles, on virtually every
conceivable aspect of the Holocaust, from many sources including major
newspapers. [Also listed under the heading, "Essays,
Articles, Professional Papers"]
-
Meyer's Holocaust Links. An extremely
important research asset. It provides an easy to use, no frills
interface with virtually exhaustive listings. Meyer’s links are
organized by topic and lead to most, possibly all, of the other major
network locations providing information on the holocaust.
To top of page
- Nizkor
Project. Nizkor's Search Engine is a
valuable tool for finding Holocaust web sites.
[See the detailed listing below under the heading, "Topical Information Centers"]
-
Resources on Human Experimentation by Nazi Doctors An
excellent resource, there
are links to the Doctor's trials at Nuremberg, documents, photographs,
bibliographical materials and other resources.
DOCTORS
- Rosenberg, Jennifer, guide to
20th Century History
(Link to the Holocaust material) Ms.
Jennifer Rosenberg who works for About.com Inc as a "Guide" to 20th
Century History, maintains a wealth of online information about the
Holocaust as well as a very impressive array of alphabetically organized
internet links, Ms Rosenberg also has assembled a useful
collection of photographs, as well as reviews of plays,
movies, maps, and illustrated chronologies.
-
Women and the
Holocaust, "Other Links" a web page
with important links that primarily, but not exclusively, provide
information about women and the Holocaust .
WOMEN
[see detailed listing below with information about the entire web site, "Women and the Holocaust; A Cyberspace of Their Own" It is under the heading "Websites Managed by Holocaust Survivors" ]
- WWW-Virtual Library, History: " There are catalogues written in English, but some knowledge of German is all but essential. Although its complex organization makes it very difficult to navigate, this website is very comprehensive and should not be overlooked
- U. S. Holocaust
Memorial Museum. "The United States Holocaust
Memorial Museum is America's national institution for the documentation,
study, and interpretation of Holocaust history, and serves as this
country's memorial to the millions of people murdered during the
Holocaust…." See especially
the Museum's Learning Center
the offerings of which include hundreds of articles, artifact images,
documentary film clips, oral history testimonies, historical photographs
and maps, as well as over twenty thematic chronologies. For an extensive
archive of essays and reviews see:
Holocaust and Genocide Studies
(published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum)
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / DOCUMENTARY / GENERAL
- Yad Vashem,
Israel’s Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority.
"Yad Vashem has the largest and the most comprehensive archive and
information repositories on the Holocaust, housing more than 50 million
pages of documents and hundreds of thousands of photographs and films. Over
75,000 titles and periodicals comprise the most significant library on
Holocaust research in the world."
NEED USERNAME AND PASSWORD TO
ACCESS YAD VASHEM
GENERAL / DOCUMENTARY / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
- National Archives and Records
Administration ( NARA) was established, " . . . to ensure ready
access to essential evidence . . .that documents the rights of American
citizens, the actions of federal officials, and the national experience
..." Our National Archives constitute an invaluable source of historical
information and are rich with materials relating to the Second World War,
Nazism and the Holocaust. The NARA website is extraordinarily helpful as it catalogues the archive's vast holdings and provides excellent search engines. See especially the pages relating to
The Interagency Working Group (IWG) which was established by the Clinton administration in accordance with the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act (PL 105-246). The IWG was directed to expedite the declassification of all classified Nazi war criminal records and facilitate their release to the public. Unfortunately, bits of information remain unjustifiably classified and government censorship has somewhat marred released documents. Among the most useful of the IWG's Holocaust related assets is a small collection of
Research Papers by eminent scholars.
CRIMES /
PERPETRATORS / DOCUMENTARY / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
- The Leo Baeck Institute "...is
a research, study and lecture center whose library and archives offer the
most comprehensive documentation for the study of German Jewish history.
Founded in 1955, it is named after the leading liberal Jewish religious
thinker of his time, the rabbi who was the spiritual leader of German Jewry
during the Nazi period."
DOCUMENTARY / JEWISH / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
- Mazal
Library, A privately funded
resource for historians, the Mazal Library collection "...includes over
20,000 books, hundreds of reels of microfilms, thousands of photographs,
dozens of video-films and tens of thousands of documents principally
related to the Holocaust, anti-Semitism, bigotry and genocide."
Its online offerings include a substantial amount of verbatim material from the Nazi War Crime Trials -- from both the Nuremberg Military Tribunal and the International Military Tribunal. An article by Harry W. Mazal, "The Dachau Gas Chambers," chronicles the history of Dachau, the first Nazi German concentration camp. There is also a "Photographic Essay" relating to the Holocaust in Hungary (many photographs taken by the Nazis and captured by the Soviets) as well as a excellent set of aerial photographs of Auschwitz taken in 1944-1945.
GENERAL / CRIMES / WITNESSES / CAMPS / DACHAU / HUNGARY / NUREMBERG TRIALS
- The
Holocaust History Project describes itself as, "...a free archive
of documents, photographs, recordings, and essays regarding the Holocaust,
including direct refutation of Holocaust-denial." A worth while site to
visit for browsing as well as serious research purposes. Its excellent
search engine provides easy access to its very impressive collection of
Holocaust materials.
GENERAL / DENIAL / DOCUMENTARY / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
To top of page - The Nizkor Project
is one of the most valuable online sources of
information dedicated to the victims of the Holocaust, Nizkor,
in Hebrew, means we will remember. This website houses a very large
collection of anti-denial materials. In addition to its strong emphasis on
hate groups and revisionist literature the Nizkor home page provides easy
access to other useful material: books, documents, photographs, research
guides, bibliographies, organizations, people, places and more. [E.g.,
See below: the Trial of Adolf Eichman]
Nizkor aso provides a
search engine capable of searching some 70 holocaust related
sites. (Return to "Valuable Collections of Links....")
GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / DENIAL / WITNESSES / PERPETRATORS / NATIONAL SOCIALISM / DOCUMENTARY
- CYBRARY OF THE
HOLOCAUST -- remember.org. The Cybrary is a website that anyone
interested in learning more about the Holocaust must visit. It provides a
great abundance of historical sources.Under
the caption "Witnesses"
there are collections of materials by and about, "Bystanders",
"Perpetrators", "Liberators", "Resistance", "Rescuers" and "Survivors." And
the "Witness" selections now include,
FIVE MILLION
FORGOTTEN, the web site of Holocaust Forgotten Memorial:
"Eleven million precious human lives were lost during the Holocaust.
Five million of these were non-Jewish. Three million were Polish Christians
and Catholics. It would be very sad to forget even one precious life
extinguished so ruthlessly. It would be a tragedy to forget five million."
One can also find substantial collections of annotated photographs and paintings as well as interactive maps. Among the more outstanding of Cybrary's collections are the drawings and paintings by the Polish Auschwitz survivor Jan Komski. "His personal history is full of remarkable events, including being part of the very first prisoner transport to arrive in Auschwitz, and being part of one of the most famous escapes from the camp." Also meriting special attention is the superb collection of full color photographs of Auschwitz (1979-1981) and Birkenau and Mauthausen (1996) taken by Alan Jacobs, the Editor of IDEA - A journal of social issues. And Cybrary sponsors IMAGINE, which is a special site for students who are invited to make suggestions, submit essays, paintings, poetry, or special projects. IMAGINE provides many very useful examples of what students can contribute when motivated. The Doctors of the Holocaust and The Forgotten Holocaust are two of a series of essays submitted by a class studying the Holocaust. The later is about the Japanese massacre of Chinese people in Nanjing,1937-38.
GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / WITNESSES / CAMPS / AUSCHWITZ BIRKENAU / MAUTHAUSEN / SCIENCE / DOCTORS / NANJING / DOCUMENTARY
-
JewishGen Yizkor Book
Project This site now provides
hundreds of partial and complete English translations of
memorial books (Yizkor books) of destroyed Jewish communities in Eastern
and Central Europe. In addition to the memorial books there are other
useful translations of primary source materials. This web site is
constantly growing with the addition of new translations and maintains a
comprehensive database of its holdings. Click to
bypass the home
page and go directly to the translations organized under the
headings: General; Holocaust; Regions and Communities.
MEMORIAL / JEWISH COMMUNITIES / CAMPS / WITNESSES / RESISTANCE / RESETTLEMENT / SHTETL
- ISAR Institute for the Study of
Academic Racism +
Click here for detailed information about ISAR
as listed below under the heading "Topical Information Centers."
RACISM / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM / EUGENICS
-
Archival-Manuscript Collections; Holocaust. Manuscripts available at the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American
Jewish Archives. Although not available on line these archives provide
useful information with an emphasis on the rescue and resettlement of
Holocaust survivors.
RESCUE / RESETTLEMENT / WITNESSES / SURVIVORS
To top of page
- Survivors of the Shoah
Visual History Foundation, which
Steven Spielberg founded in 1994 after filming Shindler's List, has the
urgent mission, "to chronicle, before it is too late, the firsthand
accounts of Holocaust survivors and eyewitnesses, liberators and rescuers.
The Archive is comprised of 200,000-plus videotapes filled with more than
100,000 hours of testimony. To watch the collection straight through in its
entirety would now take about 13 years and six months."
WITNESSES / SURVIVORS / LIBERATORS / RESCUE
- War
Letters in the Second World War. 4/8/05, website NOW OUT OF
SERVICE, hopefully only temporarily. This site provides information
about a project for the collection of letters as a historical resource
which is supported by the Museum für Kommunikation Berlin and the
Technical University Berlin, Institute of Media Consulting. Among the
letters selected for viewing on the internet is one from father to son
congratulating the latter for passing the medical examination for military
service. The father is an employee at the I.G. Farben slave labor works at
Auschwitz/Monowitz and describes the facility to his son. As yet
(8/18/2001) only a few letters have been made available on line.
WITNESSES / DOCUMENTARY / PERPETRATORS / CAMPS / AUSCHWITZ MONOWITZ / I.G. FARBEN / SLAVE LABOR / GENERAL
PRIMARY REPOSITORIES OF HOLOCAUST MATERIAL
TopH-NET HUMANITIES &
SOCIAL SCIENCES ONLINE
H-Net and its Members have both Lists & Web Pages
Top
GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
-
H-Holocaust. H-Holocaust, in addition
to delivering a wealth of material on the Holocaust itself, addresses
related topics: anti-Semitism; Jewish history in the 1930s & 1940s; WW2,
Germany; International diplomacy. Its web page includes links to other
valuable sources. One such is
RIJO, a German (Nuremberg)
website containing an abundance of material on Nuremberg's Jewish victims,
the Nazi era and postwar history of Bavaria. RIJO's challenging
agenda of topics includes materials about major German industries and slave
labor.An excellent source of
information in both English and German.
[Keywords: victims / Jewish /slave labor / Bavaria / Nuremberg / National Socialism / educational resources]
Try the following H-Holocaust links: - H-Antisemitism.
"H-Antisemitism proposes to facilitate
the exchange of scholarly information on the subject of anti-Semitism,
conceived as broadly as possible. Without chronological or disciplinary
limitations, H-Antisemitism seeks to enable scholars to communicate
research and teaching interests, discuss methodology, comment upon current
historiography, and share information about new data, sources of funding,
and publishing. It will explore with its subscribers new ways of making
electronic communications a useful tool for serious students of
anti-Semitism." This web page provides specific information about the
workings of H-Antisemitism and how to subscribe to it by e-mail.
- Members may easily
SEARCH H-Net's ARCHIVES
H-NET LOGS at: http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/logsearch/
H-NET REVIEWS at: http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/search.html
TOPICAL INFORMATION CENTERS
Top
- [A Web Site to Help Find Art
Stolen by Nazis] The Nazi-Era Provenance Internet
Portal Project Produced and managed by the American
Association of Museums, Washington, DC 2005. (AP) "People
searching for art that was stolen by the Nazis have a new tool: a Web site
that allows U.S. museum collections to be checked for long-lost pieces. The
Nazi-Era Provenance Internet Portal...is a searchable registry for people
looking for items that disappeared in Europe between 1932 and 1946...."
The search facility at this web site is excellent and one can
quickly find detailed information, including illustrations, about specific
works of art. ARTISTS /
MUSEUMS / CRIMES /
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
/
REPARATIONS
- NAZI CRIMES ON
TRIAL German Trials Concerning Nazi Capital Crimes Since 1945
This web site provides a systematic survey of all German trials before West
and East German courts since1945 that involved Nazi homicidal crimes. It
also includes
The"Dachau Trials" by U.S. Army Courts in Europe 1945 -1948. CRIMES / PERPETRATORS
/ WITNESSES / NUREMBERG TRIALS / DACHAU
TRIALS
- The
Nizkor Project; A primary repository of Holocaust information, the
Nizkor project is dedicated to the millions of
Holocaust victims who suffered and died at the hands of Adolf Hitler and
his Nazi regime." Nizkor, in Hebrew, means we will remember.
This website houses a very large collection of anti-denial materials.
The question is asked -- and answered: "Given the evidence ...why do people deny the Holocaust? The cynical truth comes to us by way of an obscure extremist group, [The National Socialist White People's Party] which boasts: "The real purpose of holocaust revisionism is to make National Socialism an acceptable political alternative again."
In addition to an emphasis on hate groups and revisionist literature the Nizkor home page provides numerous links to other useful material: books, documents, photographs, research guides, bibliographies, organizations, people, places and more. [For example, See below: the Trial of Adolf Eichman]
Nizkor also provides a search engine capable of searching some 70 holocaust related sites.
[Return to "Collections" of Links category]
DENIAL / GENERAL / NATIONAL SOCIALISM / DOCUMENTARY / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / WITNESSES / PERPETRATORS
(Germany) Research and Study Center (RSC) for Holocaust Education. Information available in both German & English. The RSC is dedicated to furthering German knowledge and understanding of the Holocaust. The web site provides lots of material about the present state of Holocaust education in Germany.
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENERAL
Top
- (Germany) Learning From
History; The Nazi Era and the Holocaust in German Education. A
joint project of the Goethe Institute and other German organizations,
"...this website is the result of extensive scholarly research about actual
projects used in teaching about "National Socialism and the Holocaust" in
historical and citizenship education in and outside schools and in
educational work with young people."
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENERAL / CAMPS / GHETTOS / DACHAU
- The Foundation; TOPOGRAPHY OF
TERROR; New Exhibition and Documentation Centre in Berlin.
This is an excellent source of information for serious research as well as
for the classroom. The Foundation's stated mission, "...is to provide
historical information about National Socialism and its crimes as well as
to stimulate active confrontation with this history and its impact since
1945. Moreover, the Foundation serves as an advisor to the State of Berlin
in all matters relating to these issues.
The Topography of Terror Foundation, which grew out of a temporary exhibition project, has had a long and eventful history. Its establishment was the result of an extended and controversial exchange of ideas, in which the unwavering support of social groups and individuals played an important role and put an end to the many years of repression and forgetting."
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENERAL / CRIMES / NATIONAL SOCIALISM
- Holocaust Teacher
Resource Center is one of the services sponsored by the
Holocaust Educational Foundation.
This site provides access to a first rate collection of
essays; book reviews; lesson plans; curricula and annotated
bibliographies.
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENERAL / MEMORIAL / VICTIMS / WITNESSES / RACISM / SCIENCE
- TRIANGLES ROSES;
la persécution des homosexuels sous le régime nazi [Pink Triangle;
the persecution of homosexuals by the Nazi regime] Though this is a French
website there is also a considerable amount of material available in German
and English, much of which is not readily available elsewhere. Its
conveniently accessible collections of essays, documents, articles from
journals and photographs should prove educationally useful.
HOMOSEXUALS / VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
-
THE NAZI PERSECUTION of HOMOSEXUALS; An Annotated Bibliography of
Nonfiction Sources in English.By Gerard Koskovich. This website is
an indispensable source of information about homosexual Holocaust victims.
It is a subject that has been given far too little attention by historians
and this bibliography may help to redress the balance. Sad to say, the
bibliographer’s annotations indicate that prejudice and pejorative
commentary have all too often distorted the historical record. Also
by Koskovich is the lecture,
From Eldorado to the
Third Reich; The Life & Death of Homosexual Culture, an
excellent introductory reading on the subject.
[This essay, in English, is one of many that are available on this web
page] HOMOSEXUALS / VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
-
The History of the Gay Male and
Lesbian Experience during World War II This is a website
having a substantial amount of literary and graphic material valuable both
as an introduction to the history of Nazi atrocities during World War II,
and as a source of information for those already familiar with the subject.
The site provides easy linkage to the valuable collections and exhibits
available at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and quite
appropriately places emphasis on the use of primary source materials. I
would
recommend it for classroom use.
HOMOSEXUALS /
VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
-
The
International Association of Lesbian and Gay Children of Holocaust
Survivors --
Rick Landman Webmaster."The
Association, which now has over 150 members in eleven countries, encourages
the research of what actually happened to the generation of homosexuals who
were persecuted or perished during the Third Reich...."
The evidence provided here makes it clear that within Nazi concentration
camps the killing of homosexuals was
comparable to the killing of Jews. This site provides an abundance of readily
accessible information including relevant literature on the subject: books; book reviews;
articles; plays and movies.
HOMOSEXUALS / VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / SURVIVORS
To top of page
- Deutsches Historisches
Museum, Berlin (German
Historical Museum, Berlin) Housed in the Zeughaus,
the delightfully crafted old Baroque arsenal/museum on the Unter den
Linden, the Deutsches Historisches Museum, is developing a series of
exhibits that will serve to display some of the major developmental periods
of German history. The Museum’s web site contributes educationally
useful material on the Nazi era, some items of which have been
translated into English, and it provides the user with excellent search
engines both local and global. The site has a creditable collection of
links which includes a very unusual and extensive linked listing of the
world’s museums: Linkseite des
Deutschen Historischen Museums zu Museen im Internet.
Return to items listed under the section heading, "Valuable Collections of Links."
MEMORIAL / MUSEUMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / NATIONAL SOCIALISM / GENERAL
- The Mechelen Museum of
Deportation and the Resistance
Halfway between Brussels and Antwerp, the "...Sammellager
Mecheln was the starting point of a one-way deportation route. Between 1942
and 1944, some 28 convoys of 25,257 prisoners were shipped from Malines to
Auschwitz. Two-thirds of them died upon arrival. Of the other third, only
1,207 prisoners survived an inhuman captivity to see the liberation of the
Nazi camps. The museum in Malines, a memorial, has been designed as the
antechamber of death. Centering on this fatal deportation, it presents
the history of the "Final Solution" in Belgium and in Europe."
[emphasis added]
MEMORIAL / MUSEUMS / BELGIUM / RESISTANCE / DEPORTATION / CAMPS
- NAZI PROPAGANDA:
1933 - 1945 (AXT) The Third Reich was constructed on a foundation of
racial propaganda and this website is an outstanding source of information
about it. The site presents an impressive collection of fully illustrated
English translations of Nazi propaganda including material from SS
publications and such items as Julius Streicher's viciously anti-Semitic
writings and cartoons. This is a "must visit" website, especially for
educators; there is a lot of material here that is suitable for student
assignments.
PROPAGANDA / NATIONAL SOCIALISM / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
- Antisemitism and Xenophobia Today
A worldwide and updated country-by-country report on
anti-Semitism, Racism, and Xenophobia. "Each entry provides key data about the overall political and economic situation in the country, information about racism and xenophobia and then a series of sections on various aspects of anti-Semitism." This site is sponsored by Institute for Jewish Policy Research 1999.
RACISM / ANTI-SEMITISM / XENOPHOBIA
- RESISTANCE; The Soundtrack For
White Revolution. The white supremacists in America are relatively
few in number yet clearly dangerous. This "state of the art" web site
serves as a neo-Nazi merchandising and propaganda center advertising such
items as a "Resistance Magazine" and a "Resistance Radio,"as well as a new
video game called "Ethnic Cleansing." The site also peddles racist
recordings and books including Hitler’s Mein Kampf on CD, which they once described as:
"…a beacon and a guide to every healthy soul in
this dark age, to everyone who seeks understanding and light. It deals not
only with the goals and policies necessary for a healthy racial state, but
with the tactics of power required to establish such a state."
RACISM / ANTI-SEMITISM / NEO-NAZI / HATE / DENIAL
- The Stephen Roth
Institute for the Study of Contemporary Anti-Semitism and
Racism.
TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY, "...now monitors manifestations of anti-Semitism and racism around the world and operates a computerized database of contemporary anti-Semitism and hate groups. The database facilitates publication of an Annual Report on anti-Semitism and hate group activities worldwide, as well as research works on specific topics, which are also published by the Institute." RACISM / ANTI-SEMITISM / DENIAL / HATE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / FASCISM
To top of page
- ISAR
Institute for the Study of Academic Racism "ISAR
monitors changing intellectual trends in academic racism, biological
determinism, and eugenics.[emphasis added] ISAR's investigative work has resulted in
feature articles in such prominent newspapers and magazines as the New York
Times, The Chronicle of Higher Education, and Science Magazine. ISAR staff
have worked with Congress and the Justice Department as well as national
civil rights organizations. The institute promotes research in academic
racism by posting extensive bibliographies and maintaining an on-line
archive of primary and secondary sources." Emphasis added.
RETURN===>> back to the ISAR listing under
PRIMARY REPOSITORIES OF HOLOCAUST MATERIAL
RACISM / BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM / EUGENICS / SCIENCE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
-
The Hate Directory; Hate Groups On the Internet Compiled
by Raymond A. Franklin, "The Hate Directory is maintained and presented as
an aid in identifying and tracking the proliferation of hate oriented use
of the Internet and other new electronic media. The Directory is an
historical document as well as a current reference and includes current
sites as well as those no longer in operation."
RACISM / HATE / HUMAN RIGHTS / XENOPHOBIA / NEO-NAZI / KU KLUX KLAN
To top of page -
Poisoning the
Web: Hatred Online; Internet Bigotry, Extremism and Violence. An ADL Report on Internet
Bigotry, Extremism and Violence (Anti-Defamation League, 1999).
This report deals extensively with the ever increasing numbers of groups
and individuals using the internet as an instrument of online hate. Its
coverage is wide ranging: Neo-Nazis; Holocaust Denial; Female White
Supremacists; Neo-Nazi Skinheads and Racist Rock; Homophobia; the Ku Klux
Klan; Anti-Abortion Extremism and Bomb-Making Manuals are just a few of the
subjects considered. Many of the web sites evaluated in the report are
specifically designed to attract teens and children. "Bigotry-laced
hard rock and the Internet have proved a natural match in being used by
white supremacists trying to capture the minds of youngsters."
RACISM / HATE / NEO-NAZI / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
- Anti-Semitism, though not officially condoned,
may be found in American fundamentalist protestant congregations;
unfortunately, it also continues to haunt Roman Catholicism. Some
may recall the "Boston Heresy Case," (beginning in 1949), which resulted in
the excommunication of Rev. Leonard Feeney, a Jesuit who
fanatically preached that there is no salvation outside of the Roman
Catholic church (Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus). He taught at the St.
Benedict Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, was extremely popular, and
became notorious for his anti-Semitic radio messages. Though he was
rejected by the church, the order he founded (the Slaves of the Immaculate
Heart of Mary still at the St.
Benedict Center) continues to defend his memory and uphold his
teachings. The order has a web page; its message can be quite anti-Semitic.
The semantic convolutions characterizing the following article furnish a
rather moderate example:
A Reply to Mr. Karl Keating It
should be mentioned that Feeney and his disciples, past and present, have been consistently
rejected by the Catholic hierarchy.
RELIGION / CHRISTIAN / ANTI-SEMITISM
-
Jewish-Christian Relations.
This is a fine collection of documentary material and
commentary which includes items dealing with Papal and other Roman Catholic
pronunciations on the subject of the Holocaust as well as substantial
information relating to anti-Semitism.
RELIGION / JEWISH / CHRISTIAN / SLAVE LABOR / DOCUMENTARY
- Holocaust; Victim Assets
Litigation (Swiss Banks) "This is the
official information website for the Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation
against Swiss Banks and other Swiss Entities."
See also:
Dormant Accounts Website of the
Swiss Bankers Association.
The following are all related:
~~Vatican Bank Claims; "Restition & justice for atrocity and concentration camp survivors of Serb, Jewish, and Ukrainian background and their relatives. "
~~Austrian Fund for Reconciliation, Peace, and Cooperation "Voluntary Payments by the Republic of Austria to Former Slave and Forced Laborers of the Nazi Regime on the Territory of Present-Day Austria."
~~German Forced Labour Compensation Programme "On 12 August 2000, a German law, German Foundation Act (GFA), came into force, creating a German Foundation entitled 'Remembrance, Responsibility and Future', to provide financial compensation to former slave and forced labourers and certain other victims of National Socialist (Nazi) injustice. The funds for this German Foundation, a total amount of EUR 5.1 billion (DEM 10 billion), were made available in equal parts by the German Government and German companies."
~~U.S. Diplomatic Mission - Information Resource Centers, Holocaust Issues. Holocaust Reparations - Policy Statements - Documents - Links. "Final Plenary Meeting Concluding International Talks on the Preparation of the Foundation 'Remembrance, Responsibility and the Future,' July 17, 2000."
REPARATIONS / UNCLAIMED ASSETS / SLAVE LABOR / VICTIMS / SWITZERLAND / VATICAN
- [History of Eugenics]
Image Archive on the American Eugenics Movement
Eugenics was a19th Century pseudo-science devised by Charles Darwin's
cousin, Francis Galton, which was widely popularized in the United States
and Europe during the first half of the 20th century. The eugenic objective
was to generate a race of superior human beings by a process of selective
breeding. People with "good genes" were to be encouraged to reproduce while
the carriers of "bad genes" were to be weeded out of the population by
sterilization and euthanasia. The American eugenics movement provided a
model for Nazi Germany as the latter established the systematic programs of
sterilization and euthanasia culminating in the Holocaust.
SCIENCE / RACISM /
EUGENICS / DOCUMENTARY
- [Contemporary Eugenics]
FUTURE GENERATIONS. This is a thinly disguised white
supremacist web site. It subtly introduces itself as being,
"...about humanitarian eugenics. Humanitarian eugenics strives to
leave a genuine legacy of love to future generations: good health, high
intelligence, and noble character [Italics added]." The
description concludes with the words: "If the truth about genetics
and behavior, about eugenics, or about race, is considered 'taboo',
and falsehoods are the only socially acceptable opinions, then this is
truly a sad state of affairs...." This site amply demonstrates
that however subtle its presentation, Eugenics remains a pseudo-science for
racists. See esp.the article entitled
Eugenics and the
Third Reich, by Steven B. Saetzn in "Future Generations Part II."
SCIENCE / RACISM / EUGENICS / NATIONAL SOCIALISM
-
"Race and the Clinic: Good Science?
Human genome findings practically erase race as
a biological factor", By Ricki Lewis. This is a
useful article to read when
using the two preceding links to Eugenics websites. This article is from
the online periodical,
The Scientist
<<
link to its Home Page]
SCIENCE / RACISM / EUGENICS
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Anne Frank Online. A thoroughgoing accounting of the life of Anne Frank with many interesting and informative links. "Over one million children under the age of sixteen died in the Holocaust. Anne Frank was one of them." This is a worthwhile site to visit.
VICTIMS / WITNESSES / ANNE FRANK
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Non-Jewish Holocaust Victims - the 5,000,000 Others The purpose of this web site is to memorialize the non-Jewish victims of the Holocaust. There is a justified emphasis on Polish victims but the others who suffered are also considered in some detail on the page, "Five Million Forgotten?" This web site also includes a growing collection of survivor's stories.
VICTIMS / RACISM / POLAND / WITNESSES
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THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF THE KOVNO GHETTO
Archives, diaries, drawings, and photographs to document German crimes against their community.
Most of these works were buried beneath the ghetto in wooden crates, metal containers, and ceramic jugs. Dug up after the war, the remnants of this extra-ordinary documentation reveal the history of the Kovno Ghetto." And the "remnants of this extraordinary documentation," constitute the heart of this website. Effectively combining graphics and multimedia it can be best described in superlatives. It provides sound recordings as well as videos of Kovno ghetto survivors -- an outstanding collection of photographs, drawings and paintings -- many interactive maps -- an historical timeline which moves to the accompaniment of a ghetto song, and other very useful resources. WITNESSES / VICTIMS / GHETTOS / KOVNO To top of page
- NAZI POLICY
TOWARD ROMA, SINTI AND JEWS -- from
the H-Net: H-Holocaust
[This link will create a separate page] VICTIMS / GYPSIES / RACISM / RELIGION / DENIAL / DOCUMENTARY
-
CNN WEBSITE:
"Gypsies Refuse to Be Forgotten"
VICTIMS / GYPSIES / DENIAL / DOCUMENTARY / RACISM /RELIGION
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Roma in the
Holocaust O Porrajmos --The
Patrin Web Journal: Romani Culture and History
"Roma were the only other population besides the Jews who were targeted for extermination on racial grounds in the Final Solution." The Patrim Web Journal, a fundamental source of information, was originally launched as a memorial to the founder's grandfather who was a Gypsy Holocaust survivor and Resistance fighter. The site provides some eighteen critical essays about the Roma as Holocaust victims as well as a small but useful collection of links. VICTIMS / GYPSIES / RACISM / RELIGION / DENIAL / DOCUMENTARY
-
Association of
Gypsies/Romani International
The subtopic <"Gypsies: Hidden
Victims"> links to information under the title:
"HIDDEN VICTIMS: The Unknown Assault On Europe's Gypsies "
This is a very important article, however controversial, about Nazi racism and Gypsies as forgotten Holocaust victims. VICTIMS / GYPSIES / RACISM / DENIAL / DOCUMENTARY / RELIGION
- Romani World A website by ECRE, the European Committee on Romani Emancipation "...Produced in direct collaboration with Roma individuals and communities, " this website is directed towards gaining basic civil rights for gypsies as many still remain racially segregated and in poverty. VICTIMS / GYPSIES / RACISM / RELIGION / DENIAL / DOCUMENTARY Not available 3/27/04. Possibly temporarily.
- Catholic Parish Care for the Gypsies in Germany -- [German only] Select "Holocaust" for bibliographical material, essay and links. VICTIMS / GYPSIES / RACISM / RELIGION / DENIAL / DOCUMENTARY
- It would be a worthwhile educational experience for students of the Holocaust to visit this photo exhibition web site sponsored by the Budapest Open Society Institute and the Roma Participation Program. This online exhibition attests to the stark reality of gypsies still forced to live without basic civil rights, racially segregated and in poverty. It is a sad commentary that even the status of gypsies as Holocaust victims is challenged by "exclusionist" historians who contend that use of the word "Holocaust" should be referent only to Jewish victims.
-
GIRCA Gypsy International Recognition and Compensation Action --
"The GIRCA Association was founded in December
2000 in Geneva (Switzerland) in order to organise actions aiming at making
recognise Gypsy communities' rights and to get more specifically
indemnification for the damages from the destruction of more than 600'000
Gypsies by the Nazis (1933-1945)." VICTIMS
/ GYPSIES / RACISM / RELIGION /
DENIAL / DOCUMENTARY -
Who's History? Revisionism and the Romani Holocaust "Holocaust Efforts to historically legitimate the Romani Holocaust have often become entangled in a grotesque 'numbers game', as scholars have found themselves frequently compelled to contest the assertions of revisionists committed to downplaying the significance and extent of the Porrajmos. Below is an example of one such encounter. Translated from the Hungarian, the first article is a revisionist broadside by Dr. László Karsai, the second, a rebuttal written by Dr. János Bársony and Ágnes Daróczi. Both articles originally appeared in Népszabadság." DENIAL / AUSCHWITZ / HUNGARY
- Learning About the
Holocaust Through Art
This is a superb web site that is ideal for both personal study and classroom use. It features more than 25 artists with abundant and very professionally reproduced examples of their work accompanied by well-written and researched biographical essays. Additionally, the web site provides a well-crafted teacher’s guide and useful student activity assignments for three age levels: 10-12, 13-15, and 16 plus. Users are allowed to select and manage their own collection of artworks.
ARTISTS / WITNESSES / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / DOCUMENTARY / CAMPS / CRIMES / MEMORIAL /
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JAN KOMSKI "Polish artist Jan Komski is a survivor of Auschwitz. His personal history is full of remarkable events, including being part of the very first prisoner transport to arrive in Auschwitz, and being part of one of the most famous escapes from the camp." This web site is a selection from remember.org, the Cybrary of the Holocaust.
ARTISTS / SURVIVORS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / AUSCHWITZ
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A TRIBUTE TO HOLOCAUST COMPOSERS * These descriptive words by Jacqueline Cole, the founder of the following two websites, are worthy of repeating: " The purpose of these two Foundations is to honour, celebrate and remember the courage, life and genius of two 20th Century Composers whose lives were cut short in Auschwitz on the 17th and 18th of October 1944. The Viktor Ullmann and Pavel Haas Foundations UK are non profit, non religious and non political networks, whose primary focus is performance of these composers music. I also hope that the work of these Foundations will be a small offering of remembrance for all artists, musicians, and 'ordinary' folk who suffered and died because of 20th Century Holocausts, and be a place where people can come together and encourage a spirit of listening, and a spirit of true dialogue." § Viktor Ullmann Foundation UK § Pavel Haas Foundation UK. [Pavel Hass Foundation UK is, temporarily I hope, a broken link, 8/4/05]
*Also see references to the musical compositions of Gideon Klein: --: About the preservation of Klein's work :-- and the --: Gideon Klein Award for Northeastern University Students :--
ARTISTS / MUSIC / VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / AUSCHWITZ / THERESIENSTADT / CAMPS
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Musik aus Österreich - Vertrieben - Es ist Zeit, die Spuren Zu sichern the Orpheus Trust [Austrian Music, it is time to secure banished traces. A Website in both English and German ] The activities of the Orpheus Trust "....focus on three main areas: Research and Documentation of all data pertaining to the life and work of musicians persecuted, exiled from Austria or murdered by the Nazis. These include composers, performing artists, musicologists and critics. Performances of persecuted music and promotion of exiled musicians. Provision and exchange of information for musicians, concert organizers, researchers, educators and the media."
The website makes reference to the Orpheus Trust's extensive Database of biographical materials about the persecuted musicians which includes their work and repertoire (there are many thousands of entries, a few of which are on line -- click on photograph). There is is also reference to an Archive of over 200 oral history interviews, "...with exiled musicians, shoa-survivors or their relatives, the musical estates of Fritz Spielmann, Hermann and Alfred Lunger, Franz Steiner, Oskar Karlweis and Kurt List." Archival materials available on line include comprehensive listings of printed music as well as a reference library.
ARTISTS / MUSIC / VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / AUSTRIA
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TEREZIN (in German Theresianstadt) A comprehensive, commemorative website about the Nazi concentration camp, Terezin. Gideon Klein and a number of other composers were prisoners there and the website focuses in on their music, while at the same time providing a detailed history of the camp. Overall, one finds here a valuable mine of information about Terezin and the contributions of its prisoners in graphic art, music and in the written word. This website provides an abundance of art reproductions and photographs as well as useful biographical studies of each of Terezin's composers. It also includes a substantial bibliography.
Melissa Misica, a student at Northeastern University, won the 2001-2002 Gideon Klein Award. This remarkable website was her project.
*Note the references to The Klein Award at the end of the previous entry.
ARTISTS / MUSIC / VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / AUSCHWITZ / THERESIENSTADT / CAMPS
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AN AUSCHWITZ ALPHABET. The designer of this web site, Jonathan Blumen, uses each letter of the alphabet to convey information about Auschwitz and the Holocaust.
CAMPS / AUSCHWITZ / POLAND
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AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU 2005 -- "This site is a photographic record of Auschwitz coinciding with the 60th anniversary of the camp's liberation." Bill Hunt the photographer and designer of this website writes: "My interest in the Holocaust began while working on the PR for Schindler's List, coupled with conversations with both survivors and Caroline Goodall who, through her role as Oskar's wife in the film, had forged a friendship with Emilie Schindler."
The photographs are superb and are accompanied by clear explanations and a choice selection of quotations. Occasionally the photos are juxtaposed with pictures taken by the SS. In one section there are photographs of Krakow some of which relate to the filming of Schindler’s list. This is certainly a must-visit website for anyone interested in the Holocaust. It is suitable for use in the classroom.
CAMPS / AUSCHWITZ / BIRKENAU / SLAVE LABOR / POLAND / DOCUMENTARY / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
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Aktion Reinhardt Camps, provides an excellent introduction to a study of Hitler's war of extermination in Poland and is ideal for classroom use. The emphasis is placed on the first death camps, <<Belzec>>, <<Sobibor>> and <<Treblinka>> designed to initialize Hitler's "Final Solution of the Jewish Problem" [Endlösung der Judenfrage]. Aktion Reinhardt, known also as Einsatz Reinhardt, derived its name from SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhardt Heydrich who, until his assasination on May 27, 1942, was the coordinator of this genocidal mission against the Jews.
This website is broad in scope. In addition to its extensive, illustrated information about Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka there are other special topics such as "Aktion T4" which is about Hitler's euthanasia program and the major significance of its administrative and technical contributions to the death camps. See also: <<Occupation of Poland>> <<Lublin Headquarters>> <<San Sabba>> an Italian concentration camp. The website includes many useful maps, illustrations and diagrams. [See also the next Link below: Sobibr - The Forgotten Revolt another valuable website created by a survivor of the Sobibor prisoner's revolt.]
CAMPS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / BELZEC / SOBIBOR / TREBLINKA / EUTHANASIA / POLAND / LUBLIN /
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Sobibor - The Forgotten Revolt Selected material by Thomas Toivi Blatt. "The facts presented on this website are the Historical research and first-hand account of Holocaust survivor Thomas 'Toivi' Blatt, who escaped from the Nazi death camp Sobibor during the prisoner-led Revolt on October 14, 1943. The Sobibor revolt was the most successful revolt and escape from any Nazi camp during World War II."
This website is a work of commendable scholarship and constitutes an excellent teaching resource. Mr. Blatt's personal commentary as a survivor of the prisoner's revolt is in itself a worthy contribution to Holocaust literature. He is author of two books about Sobibor: From the Ashes of Sobibor: A Story of Survival and Sobibor: The Forgotten Revolt - A Survivor's Report. [I would suggest using this website in conjunction with the Sobibor page of the preceeding website: Aktion Reinhardt Camps.]
CAMPS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / SOBIBOR / POLAND
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Documents Regarding Auschwitz AICE -- The Jewish Student Online Research Center (JSOURCE).
This is a web page with a small
collection of interesting documents quoted from well known secondary
sources. [See also the Cybrary website: <http://www.remember.org/camps/>
for a series of excellent photographs as well as detailed
information about the Auschwitz//Birkenau concentration and death-camp
complex, by Alan Jacobs, the Editor of
IDEA: A journal of social issues.
]
- . Having been among the soldiers that liberated Buchenwald, Harry Herder continued to be haunted by the memory and thus came to write an account of his experience. He concludes with the words: "I was nineteen, Bill and Tim were eighteen -- chronologically anyway. We had aged years in a few short hours." [This account by Herder is one of those posted on the Cybrary website under the heading, "Witnesses." Here one can find numerous witness accounts divided by category: Bystanders; Perpetrators; Liberators, Resistance, Rescuers, Survivors and Victims.]
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KZ GUSEN [MAUTHAUSEN-GUSEN] MEMORIAL COMMITTEE Definitive information about Mauthausen as a four camp complex: KZ Mauthausen-Wienergraben, central camp, infamous for deadly slave labor at the stone quaries; KZ Gusen I, at Langenstein, built much closer to the quarries and becoming a center for quarrying and crushing stone; KZ Gusen II, at St. Georgen/Gusen, where the Bergkristall underground aircraft factories were built for the construction of Messerschmitt GmbH warplanes; all labor being provided by prisoners and KZ Gusen III, at Lungitz, which came into use an essential sub camp of Gusen II, as its facilities stored aircraft parts. This website's offerings include: documents, paintings and drawings, sculpture, music, poetry, aerial photographs, information on medical experiments and more. [ See also detailed information about Mauthausen with some excellent recent (1996) photographs by Alan Jacobs at the Cybrary website: <http://www.remember.org/camps/> ]
CAMPS / MEMORIAL / MAUTHAUSEN / AUSTRIA
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Voices from Ravensbrück; Poems from the Women's Concentration Camp; an art project by Pat Binder Dedicated to the prison camp’s inmates, "Voices from Ravensbrück" is a very imaginatively conceived memorial website that features poetry composed by the inmates.
The camp at Ravensbrück, located some 70 km from Berlin, was the largest of the German prison camps for women and more than 65,000 of the estimated 130,000 women imprisoned there were either starved to death or murdered. This web site provides information about conditions at Ravensbrück and presents poetry written by its inmates in a hauntingly imaginative setting of drawings that were actually made in the camp. "Voices from Ravensbrück" pays tribute to the strength of the human spirit
CAMPS / RAVENSBRÜCK / WOMEN / ARTISTS / POETRY / WITNESSES / VICTIMS / MEMORIAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
- Terezin
Initiative Institute (Terezin, in German, is Theresienstadt)
an international association of former prisoners of Terezin ghetto
and other concentration camps. Terezin Czechoslovakia, about 30
miles from Prague, was an old walled military town which, in the Fall of
1941, began to serve as a ghetto for Czechoslovakian Jews. It was also used
as a concentration camp where Jews from Germany and Western Europe were
temporarily held before transportation to the gas chambers of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
[there are excellent full color photographs of this gas chamber-crematorium complex at Auschwitz-Birkenau, which were taken in 1996 by Alan Jacobs at the Cybary website: <http://www.remember.org/camps/> ]
Terezin became the subject of a special makeover whereby the camp artificially appeared to be a truly model community: this ruse was designed to deceive an International Red Cross investigating delegation; the makeover also made it possible for the Nazis to produce a propaganda film displaying Terezin as a permanent home for happy resettled Jews. In reality, death was the host at Terezin: of the approximately 150,000 Jews sent there, less than 20,000 survived. About 88,000 of them were transported and killed and some 33,000 died there. It also became the largest of Europe's children's camps; and of the many thousands of children interned there only a few hundred survived. Among those murdered were the 1,264 children from the Bialystok Ghetto. See also: [TheBialystokChildren] and [BialystokGhettoUprising]
CAMPS / MEMORIAL / THERESIANSTADT / TEREZIN / AUSCHWITZ BIRKENAU / BIALYSTOK / GHETTOS / POLAND
- The
Nuremberg War Crimes Trials -- Full text documentation. A part of
the Avalon Project at the Yale Law School. The Nuremberg collection also
includes the
Documents Cited in the Official Records of the Tribunal as well
as other related materials. The USHMM is another useful source of trial
information and documention as exemplified by its online exhibition of
materials relating to the
Doctors trial.
CRIMES / PERPETRATORS / WITNESSES / GENOCIDE / NUREMBERG TRIALS / DOCUMENTARY / EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS / SCIENCE / DOCTORS
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The Trial of Adolf Eichmann; State of Israel Ministry of Justice; Record of the Proceedings in the District Court of Jerusalem. The Nizkor Project (courtesy of Israel State Archives) has placed the extensive records of the Eichmann trial online. Adolf Eichmann was the primary figure in the implementation of the Nazi's "Final Solution of the Jewish Problem." This internet publication of the minutely detailed trial proceedings includes witness testimony of both victims and participants and adds substantially to the online collections of Holocaust documents now readily available for educational purposes.
If you wish to return to the Nizkor Project listing, note that it is listed in three places ==> EITHER (1) return to the Nizkor Project as listed under TOPICAL INFORMATION CENTERS which is the most detailed listing OR (2) return to the Nizkor Project as listed under PRIMARY REPOSITORIES OF HOLOCAUST MATERIAL OR (3) return to the Nizkor project as listed under VALUABLE COLLECTIONS OF LINKS TO HOLOCAUST WEBSITES. CRIMES / WITNESSES / EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS / PERPETRATORS
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Austin Joseph App -- Well known Holocaust denier. An introduction to, and Box by box listing of his papers, business records and personal library. Archives, American Heritage Institute, University of Wyoming, 73 boxes. Austin Joseph App was a German American activist. Outside German American fraternal organizations, he is best known for his Holocaust-denying activities, which he began soon after the Shoah (i.e., circa 1945 or 1946). See also Deborah Lipstadt's Denying the Holocaust; The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory (Chapter 5, "Austin J. App: The World of Moral Equivalencies." / DENIAL
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Holocaust Denial This excellent summary account of the propaganda work and influence of the self-styled "Holocaust Revisionists," is a reprint of Holocaust Denial, (NY: ADL, 1997). It is posted online by The Jewish Student Online Research Center, JSOURCE, an educational organization sponsored by AICE, the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. This article would make a particularly interesting reading assignment for college level class discussion.
DENIAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
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"The Holocaust on Trial" -- a NOVA ONLINE presentation of the Irving vs. Lipstadt Trial in London. This fully illustrated website features detailed information about the television production by NOVA under the same title. It is a thought provoking site with useful information about the Holocaust particularly suitable for classroom use. One of its presentations ("Results of Death Camp Experiments: Should They Be Used?") challenges the reader to study a given body of evidence and draw a conclusion. Another useful interactive essay ("Exposing Flawed Science") submits questions about the trustworthiness of Science with particular reference to the work of the Holocaust denier, Fred Leuchter Jr., who claimed that he had found chemical evidence proving that the gas chambers at Auschwitz were never used for the the purpose of exterminating human beings.
DENIAL / IRVING VS. LIPSTADT / CAMPS / SCIENCE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
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Documents Reporting the Holocaust; never let it be said that the U.S.A. public didn't know. This is a small yet useful website with links to a number of articles about Nazi persecution and murder of Jews that were published in 1933 by the Nashua Telegraph, Nashua, New Hampshire, U.S.A.
DOCUMENTARY / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENOCIDE / VICTIMS / REFUGEES
Blended with the photographs are a group of links, bibliographic and research aids, as well as an excellent collection of thought provoking essays which include, "Who's History? Revisionism and the Romani Holocaust," which deals with "exclusionist" denial. VICTIMS / GYPSIES / RACISM / RELIGION / DENIAL / DOCUMENTARY
GENERAL & TOPICAL MATERIAL
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CAMPS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / AUSCHWITZ / BIRKENAU / POLAND
CAMPS / LIBERATORS / BUCHENWALD / RESCUE
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Drew University Center for Holocaust/Genocide Never send to know for whom the bell tolls: it tolls for thee... John Dunne, 1624. One of the highlights of this university website is the "Victor Wegard & Charlotte Turner Photo Galleries." Victor Wegard was assigned to a War Crimes Investigating Team in 1945. The Turner collection of photographs is from "'Painted with the blood of our Ancestors'": A Shtetl Pilgrimage...," working in both black and white as well as color, "Turner presents a personal photographic narrative of her family's journey to the Belarus village of Postov to revisit the places and circumstances in which her family was murdered." The Drew University Center provides a very useful selection of links, many of which lead to unusual if not unique websites. (Return to "Valuable Collections of Links....")
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENERAL / WITNESSES
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The History Place; The Past into the Future. In addition to providing good material about Hitler and the Nazis, The History Place is notable for its interactive chronologies, the "Timeline of World War II in Europe" and the "Holocaust Timeline." These "Timelines" provide useful links to textual material, documents and hundreds of archive photographs.
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENERAL
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The Holocaust: A Tragic Legacy This is a very compelling web site developed for Think Quest by a team of three students. Its many features include historical background information on the Holocaust and related events; survivor stories in Real Audio; an interactive time line; a multimedia Glossary; and a very active page for exchanging messages.
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENERAL / WITNESSES
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"Holocaust Remembrance Project, an educational program of the Holland & Knight Charitable Foundation, Inc., is an annual writing contest for high school students that is designed to encourage and promote the study of the Holocaust." The winners of the contest are awarded cash, scholarships and all expenses paid trips (To Washington, DC, in 2004). The web site provides detailed information about the contest and also offers useful teacher's resource materials (bibliography, etc.) for use in the classroom.
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENERAL
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Issues: The Holocaust [as it relates to Current Events] Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism. Information and informed opinion concerning the relevance of the Nazi Holocaust to present issues such as genocide, abortion, reparations, Swiss banks, legislation for the benefit of Holocaust survivors, etc. EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / RELIGION / JEWISH / REPARATIONS
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The Jewish Studies Program, Northeastern University "...provides students with the opportunity to explore the culture and religion of the Jewish people with a focus on contemporary Jewish life and thought.
This interdisciplinary program within the Unversity's College of Arts and Sciences offers courses in the areas of African American Studies, history, literature, music, political science, religion, and sociology. We also sponsor frequent public lectures, performances, and exhibitions related to Jewish Studies.
The program has many special and unique features, including a a cooperative relationship between Northeastern Unviersity and Hebrew College, the Jewish Studies Module, and the Jewish concentration in Human Services."
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / RELIGION / JEWISH
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IMHS The Holocaust: A part of the Internet Modern History Sourcebook, this web site offers a good selection of basic primary sources. Although by necessity selective, there are reasonably comprehensive listings under the following headings: The Holocaust; Anti-Semitism; The "Final Solution;" Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust; The Handicapped; The Roma [Gypsies]; Serbs; Homosexuals; "Revisionism"; and the broadly inclusive, Pre- and Post-Holocaust Genocides.
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / VICTIMS / GENOCIDE / GENERAL
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Holocaust Survivors’ Network; A Tribute to Survivors of the Nazi Holocaust. This is certainly a superior website in all respects and an especially useful place for students (at any level) to begin a study of the Holocaust. The Introduction defines the subject of the site broadly to include Gypsies and other victims such as those murdered because they were mentally or physically handicapped. Subsequent topical divisions provide a very impressive amount of information for reading and research. See especially the extraordinary collection of photographs from The Auschwitz Album: The Story of a Transport. Oliver Lustig’s Text Presentation of Historic Holocaust Photographs. Oliver Lustig is a Birkenau-Auschwitz and Dachau Holocaust Survivor.
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / SURVIVORS / AUSCHWITZ / RACISM / EUTHANASIA / GYPSIES
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Verein Schloss Hartheim A German language website containing a voluminous amount of material about Hartheim Castle, one of the 6 "euthanasia" centers where those deemed physically or mentally "unfit," nonconformists and "garbage" people were put to death. Find the, Projekt Gedenkbuch Hartheim -- Hartheim; Book of Remembrance, which is a Hartheim Castle project to record the victims of Nazi "euthanasia" murdered there from 1940-1944. Mass killings at Hartheim started in May 1940. In the years 1940 and 1941 alone over 18,000 people were murdered. **See also, translated into English, <"Vergasungsapparate" --"Gassing Devices"> a Nazi document posted on the Holocaust History Project website. "This letter, marked Secret, is...one of the important links in the chain leading directly from the murder by gas of mentally and physically handicapped German citizens to the murder by gas of Jews....It is especially valuable because, unlike most communications regarding the Final Solution, it refers to gassing using that word, rather than a euphemism."
EUTHANASIA / MEMORIAL / VICTIMS / CRIMES / EUGENICS / PERPETRATORS
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The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy An excellent collection with an emphasis on the 18th--20th Centuries, but also including valuable pre-18th Century documents. The 20th Century full text documents include the Nuremberg Trials, as well as many other Treaties, Agreements, Pacts, etc.
GENERAL / DOCUMENTARY / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / NUREMBERG TRIALS
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German History Sources -- edited by Dr. Richard Weikart, Dept. of History, California State University, Stanislaus. Author of From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004). Although this web site is primarily designed to provide collateral reading for a course on Modern German History, the emphasis is on the 19th and 20th centuries and the collection includes many basic source materials directly related to the Holocaust. A useful collection for the study of Hitler's Germany.
GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
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The Holocaust Chronicle Website. This website treats the visitor to an online reproduction of a book which runs close to a thousand (large format) pages. Every word and image from the print edition is reproduced here. It is bountifully illustrated with over 2,000 photos. Following the pattern of the book it presents material in a comprehensive yet very concise time line and this electronic version further benefits from being both interactive and searchable.
GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
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The Anne Frank House. Anne Frank's house in Amsterdam has been converted into a museum. This is its web site.
MUSEUMS / MEMORIAL / ANNE FRANK / WITNESSES / VICTIMS / BIOGRAPHICAL
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House of the Wannsee – Conference - Permanent Exhibit - Reader -
On January 20, 1942, at the Wannsee villa in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee, Reinhard Heydrich (Heinrich Himmler’s chief lieutenant in the SS) chaired the conference of Nazi leaders that planned the so called "final solution" (Enlösung) to the "Jewish question" (Judenfrage) which led to the murder of some 6,000,000 Jews. In January 1992, on the 50th anniversary of this meeting the house was formally established as an educational, center and memorial site.This web site features an illustrated history of the Wannsee vila as well as other related educational materials which trace the history of the Nazis, provide information for teachers and suggest topics for seminars.
PERPETRATORS / WANNSEE CONFERENCE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / MEMORIAL
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JEWS OF LUBACZOW This is a memorial website affiliated with Jewish Gen and dedicated to the Jews of the town and ghetto of Lubaczow in South Eastern Poland. It is developed and managed by Ms. Eva Florsheim who translated Lubaczow's hitherto unpublished Yizkor [memorial] List for the Jewish Gen Yizkor [memorial]Book Project. In addition to providing quick access to this translation, the website offers lots of specific information about Lubaczow including details of its history and religious life, a Business Directory and various Telephone and address lists from the period 1929-1932, information about Jewish emigration to America and a set of maps.
POLAND / WITNESSES / LUBACZOW / JEDWABNE / RADZILOW / ZABLUDOW / VICTIMS / BELZEC / SHTETL / YIZKOR MEMORIAL BOOKS / RESCUE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
- A website where there are direct links to commentary by Polish journalists, scholars and other sources relating to the Jedwabne massacre. [ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS ] Many items are concerned with Neighbors and the controversy surrounding its publication. The Jedwabne massacre took place on July 10, 1941. In this rural Polish community 1600 Jews were murdered by their Polish neighbors. Most of the Jews were burned alive. The publication in May, 2000, of Sasiedzi: historia zagÓady zydowskiego miasteczka by Jan T. Gross (later published in English as Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland. Princeton, 2001 ) added greatly to an already developing controversy over the claim that Poles, not Germans, were responsible for the massacre. { **Note There is an all to vivid description of the massacre in the Jedwabne Yizkor book (memorial book) now available in English translation at the JewishGen website. See also material about the Polish community of Radzilow below }
- VIEWPOINTS Canadian Polish Congres TORONTO DISTRICT Anti-Semitic. But these two Suggested links are balanced accounts : [1] HITLER’S PLAN FOR EASTERN EUROPE. [2] FIVE MILLION FORGOTTEN the web site of Holocaust Forgotten Memorial.
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THE ZABLUDOW MEMORIAL WEBSITE -- This website belongs to Mr. Tilford Bartman who describes it as, "...a memorial to the 400 years of Jewish history and culture in the Shtetl (town) of Zabludow Poland. There is some very useful material here which includes a number of photographs attesting to the singular beauty of the town's 17th century wooden synagogue burned by the Germans on June 26th, 1941. {The illustration at the beginning of this page is a Model of the Zabludow Synagogue by Moshe Verbin, Kibbutz Yakum.} Mr Bartman also provides useful links leading to other worthy yet not widely known web sites about Jewish communities in Poland and their social heritage, as well as an excellent series of maps. At this web site there are materials relating to Bialystok, a larger city near Zabludow and now well known for its ghetto uprising. The witness accounts dealing with the murder of the Bialystok Children are especially informative See: [TheBialystokChildren] and [BialystokGhettoUprising] At the JewishGen website see: [Chosen Pages From the Zabludow Yiskor Book] The Zabludow Yiskor Book was published in Israel, 1987, translated by Ziva Rosenhand, and funded and coordinated by Tilford Bartman.
POLAND / WITNESSES / ZABLUDOW / JEDWABNE / LUBACZOW / RADZILOW / VICTIMS / SHTETL / YIZKOR MEMORIAL BOOKS / RESCUE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / BIALYSTOK GHETTO
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Still Images from Der ewige Jude Der ewige Jude, was the most notorious of the Nazi propaganda films reviling Jews; this web site accurately summarizes the film with many still pictures and substantial excerpts from the films narration. Return to Select Listings From H-Holocaust: Professional Papers.
PROPAGANDA / FILMS
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Chambon Foundation This is an educational effort named in honor of Le Chambon in France, an area where 5,000 Jews were hidden from the Nazis by 5,000 Christians. The Foundation is, "committed to exploring, especially on film, the necessary lessons of hope intertwined with the Holocaust’s unavoidable lessons of despair."
The web site provides guides to books and documentary films. Film projects include: Weapons of the Spirit, about Le Chambon; And Crown Thy Good: Varian Fry in Marseille, which documents the rescue work of Varian Fry, an American who saved some 2,000 lives, including a number of prominent artists and intellectuals; and The Optimists, memorializing Bulgaria as the only country in Nazi ruled Europe that protected its large community of Jews. Pierre Sauvage is the film producer as well as president and founder of the Chambon Foundation.
RESCUE / WITNESSES / VICTIMS
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Project Paperclip: Nazi Scientists Who Performed Human Experimentation in the U.S.
Links to a useful set of documents with a bibliography by Stephen Hale.
SCIENCE / DOCTORS / PERPETRATORS / WITNESSES / CRIMES
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Benjamin and Vladka Meed Registry of Jewish Holocaust Survivors The Registry was established in 1981 to compile information about survivors who had come to North America after World War II. Later, in 1993, the Registry was moved to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. where it now consists of more than 170,000 records including the names of survivors living outside of the United States. In 2001 the registry was made universally accessible being published in both CD-ROM and book formats and the website provides lists of worldwide Universities and libraries, Jewish community groups and Holocaust organizations where it is available.
SURVIVORS / VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / DOCUMENTARY /
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Holocaust Survivors’ Network; A Tribute to Survivors of the Nazi Holocaust. This is certainly a superior website in all respects and an especially useful place for students (at any level) to begin a study of the Holocaust. The Introduction defines the subject of the site broadly to include Gypsies and other victims such as those murdered because they were mentally or physically handicapped. Subsequent topical divisions provide a very impressive amount of information for reading and research. See especially the extraordinary collection of photographs from The Auschwitz Album: The Story of a Transport. Oliver Lustig’s Text Presentation of Historic Holocaust Photographs. Oliver Lustig is a Birkenau-Auschwitz and Dachau Holocaust Survivor.
SURVIVORS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / AUSCHWITZ / RACISM / EUTHANASIA / GYPSIES
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"If Not Now... an Internet Journal for individuals and agencies working with survivors of the Holocaust and their families." Volume I for Fall 2000 was the premiere edition. The Journal is primarily concerned with care for aging survivors and its first articles indicate that it will prove a valuable source of information about their life's experience. For more information email < webmaster@baycrest.org >.
SURVIVORS / VICTIMS /
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Holocaust Translations. Here one can find documentary material that is very suitable for classroom use. This is the personal web site of Kenneth Kronenberg [e-mail: kkronenberg@us.inter.net ] a man who has had, to use his own words, an "intensive involvement in German-Jewish dialogue." He has compiled and translated valuable articles, letters, photos and documents relating to the Nazi persecution of his grandparents, Ferdinand and Ida Kronenberg, in the German town of Geseke, Westphalia. They were deported to Theresienstadt on July 29, 1942, and were ultimately murdered at Auschwitz. His translations include an article, The Last Jews in Geseke, written by a German women who, when she was a 13 year old girl in the early 1940's, brought food to his grandparents.
Kronenberg has also translated and annotated significant documents relating to the deportation of Jews and several worthwhile literary essays about his trip to Germany (A Few Thoughts on the Rails; My Trip to Auschwitz; Taking the Night Train; A Letter from My Cousin).
VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / BIOGRAPHICAL / WITNESSES
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RIJO, (Nuremberg) The RIJO website contains an abundance of material on Nuremberg's Jewish victims, the Nazi era and postwar history of Bavaria. Rijo's challenging agenda of topics includes materials about major German industries and slave labor. An excellent source of information in both English and German.
VICTIMS / JEWISH / SLAVE LABOR / BAVARIA / NUREMBERG / NATIONAL SOCIALISM / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
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- was a native of Milwaukee, and an alumna of the University of Wisconsin (Madison) where she was a faculty member since the 1920's. She became a fervent anti-Nazi, and with her husband, who was German citizen, joined the German resistance. They both paid with their lives: her husband was strangled (hung from a meat hook) in December, 1942, at the Ploetzensee execution center -- Mildred was guillotined in February, 1943. Hitler had refused to grant clemency, and she became the only citizen of the United States to be executed at his personal command. WITNESSES / RESISTANCE / VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / WOMEN /
POLAND / WITNESSES / JEDWABNE / LUBACZOW / RADZILOW / ZABLUDOW / VICTIMS / SHTETL / YIZKOR MEMORIAL BOOKS / RESCUE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / ANTI-SEMITISM
ANTI-SEMITISM / POLAND / WITNESSES / VICTIMS / RESCUE / JEDWABNE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / RADZILOW / DENIAL
AUDIO/VISUAL
ARCHIVES
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[Many websites listed in
other categories present useful Audio/Visual materials]
Although the vast majority of the testimonies are from Jewish survivors, the collection also includes interviews with others such as survivors of Nazi eugenics policies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Gypsies, homosexuals, political prisoners, rescuers, liberators and even participants in war crimes trials.
Among its many ready to use educational resources the website features an online catalogue of Foundation holdings (not the videos themselves) and an Online Testimony Viewer providing state of the art video access to many short, thematically organized survivor testimonies. The website also provides special educational programs, rich in primary sources, for use by both teachers and students, at all educational levels including a unit for middle school teachers which highlights videos of childhood survivors. EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / SURVIVORS / WITNESSES / RESISTANCE / RESCUE
"The American Experience | America and the Holocaust WGBH
DOCUMENTARY / FILMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
DOCUMENTARY / GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENERAL / CAMPS / BIOGRAPHICAL / WITNESSES
GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / PROPAGANDA
This internet edition...of the database of the Cinematography of the Holocaust project contains [very detailed] information on over 1,000 films. "The focus is on films in English (from the USA, Israel, etc.). In addition, the database presents a selection of relevant films from Germany before 1945, from the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, France, Italy, etc."
GENERAL / FILMS / FILM RESOURCES / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
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"SHTETL"
POLAND / VICTIMS / WITNESSES / SHTETL
PROPAGANDA / FILMS / FRITZ HIPPLER
WITNESSES / SURVIVORS
Voice Vision
Holocaust Survivor Oral Histories Archive Mardigian Library
of the University of Michigan--Dearborn. This is an archive now containing
over 150 interviews with Holocaust survivors: 60 hours of video and nearly
330 hours of audio tapes. The latter will be made available online as
they are transcribed. The collection is fully catalogued and the video
interviews made available for interlibrary loan.
WITNESSES / SURVIVORS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
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Voices of the Holocaust: A documentary project by Illinois Institute of Technology
"This remarkable resource is provided by the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), where, in 1998, library staff uncovered a sixteen-volume set of typescripts of 70 interviews of Holocaust survivors conducted in 1946. In that year, Dr. David Pablo Boder (a professor at IIT) travelled to Europe and recorded 109 interviews (200 hours) on a wire recorder, 70 of which he later transcribed in English. While numerous excellent projects to record the experiences of survivors have been undertaken, this one is unique in that the interviews took place only one year after liberation, while the victims were still in displaced persons camps throughout Europe. The full text of the 70 interviews, along with a profile, summary, and in a few cases, the audio recording (in German, Yiddish, or Polish), have been placed on the site. The interviews may be browsed alphabetically or searched via a keyword search engine. A few problems were encountered using the latter, but the site as a whole is simply a wonderful resource for researchers, teachers, students, or anyone who wants to learn more about heartbreaking and incredible stories of loss and survival during the Holocaust." Description by Richard Levy < rslevy@uic.edu > in H-Holocaust, 9/2/2000. [emphasis added]
WITNESSES / SURVIVORS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
WITNESSES / SURVIVORS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
THE HOLOCAUST CONSIDERED WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF OTHER HUMAN TRAGEDIES
THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE
The First Genocidal Holocaust of the 20th
century; A Display of Human Indifference and Denial
Armenian National Institute;
Dedicated to the study, research, and affirmation of the Armenian Genocide
This is a teaching and research resource of the highest order. As a
teaching aid there is a section specifically dedicated to educational
resources with sample curricula, supplementary information about video
documentaries, chronologies and the like. The website also provides
research tools which include photo collections, material about
international conventions, a survey of press coverage, bibliographical
guide etc.
RWANDA
"Holocaust Awareness" is meaningless unless it Generates Action to End
the Horrors of Genocide
Leave
None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda A Human Rights
Watch Publication. This is one of the many superlative sources of
information that Human Rights Watch makes available online. It provides a
well organized thoroughgoing account of what happened in Rwanda and some
reasons why there was no significant intervention by the United Nations,
particularly why the U.S. did not intervene.
The
Triumph of Evil; how the West ignored
warnings of the 1994 Rwanda genocide and turned its back on the
victims. Hosted by PBS, "FRONTLINE," A strong website
with a clear message: " 'Never
Again,'
The World's Most Unfulfilled Promise."
The site constitutes a mine of information and correlates well
with "Ghosts of Rwanda," another FRONTLINE website. Both together
constitute an exceptional educational resource. (See the next listing)
Ghosts of Rwanda -- Looking back a decade
later on the bitter aftermath of mass murder. This website is an excellent place to begin a
study of the Rwanda genocide and Western indifference. It
provides a prize winning series of unforgettable, videos.
This is a "FRONTLINE," website closely related to "The
Triumph of Evil...." (See the preceding listing).
"Shake
Hands With the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda"
Carnegie Council ON ETHICS AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
(Resource Library
-- Speech Transcript).
Lt. Gen. Roméo A. Dallaire the Force Commander of the UN
Assistance Mission to Rwanda, 1993-1994, talks about his
experiences and about the phrase Never again. Before
reading this transcript one should be generally familiar with the
course of events that fostered genocide in Rwanda.
I would strongly recommend reading General Dallaire's
book Very highly acclaimed, it won the 2004 Governor General's Literary
Award for Nonfiction, Canada Council for the Arts. The book is
available at Snell Library, Northeastern University: Dallaire
, Roméo A., Shake Hands With the Devil: The failure of Humanity in
Rwanda, (NY: Carroll & Graf, 2005). SNELL DT
450.435.D35 2005
DARFUR / SUDAN
"Awareness" is the attribute of the well informed "Never Forget"
“As Jews who know firsthand the consequences of silence from the international community,
we have a special moral obligation to respond to crimes against humanity,
regardless of the ethnicity or religion of the people being victimized.” AJWS President Ruth Messinger
ISRAEL / PALESTINE
Ideological conflict and Apartheid: Israeli
soldiers & civilians with peaceful solutions
YESH GVUL
(“There is a limit !”)
In revealing the deep moral convictions of a prominent group of Israeli
soldiers, this website clearly underlines the tragedy of Israeli
occupation. "Yesh Gvul... is an Israeli peace group campaigning against the occupation by
backing soldiers who refuse duties of a repressive or aggressive nature.
The brutal role of the Israeli army in subjugating the Palestinian
population places numerous servicemen in a grave moral and political
dilemma, as they are required to enforce policies they deem illegal,
immoral and ultimately harmful to Israeli interests. The army hierarchy
demands compliance, but many soldiers, whether conscripts or reservists,
find that they cannot in good conscience obey the orders of their
superiors.
Yesh Gvul arose in response to the
1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, as growing numbers of soldiers grasped
that the campaign, with its bloodshed and havoc, was an act of naked and
futile aggression in which they wanted no part. 168 servicemen were jailed,
some repeatedly, for refusing to serve in the campaign: the actual number
of refusals was far greater, but their rising numbers deterred the army
from prosecuting most of the refuseniks. The first Palestinian intifada in
1987 likewise prompted further refusals, with close on 200 jailed, though
the army again backed down from jailing many of the recalcitrant soldiers,
indicating that refusals were significantly more numerous. A notably high
ratio of refuseniks are combat officers (ranking from sergeant to major)
i.e. soldiers who have served with distinction."
GENERAL RESOURCES
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The Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies; University of Minnesota. A virtually unlimited source of information, the Center sponsors conferences, cultural events, films and art exhibitions. It is particularly useful because much of the material from these events and exhibitions has been made available online. Indeed, the art exhibits are unusually comprehensive, featuring very recent art as well as work by Holocaust survivors and by artists who perished in the Holocaust.
ARTISTS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / DOCUMENTARY / GYPSIES / ARMENIAN GENOCIDE / THIRD WORLD
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Holocaust and Genocide Studies (a periodical published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) This most essential journal describes itself as "…the premier forum for work on the extensive body of literature and documentation on the Holocaust and genocide." An excellent archive of this Journal's essay titles and abstracts is available online; however, the full text of the articles may be used online only by subscribers to the printed journal.
GENOCIDE / GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
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Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Created by Linda M. Woolf, Ph.D., who writes, "We live in a time of unparalleled instances of democide, genocide and ethnocide. The Holocaust, the genocides in Turkey, Cambodia, Tibet, & Bosnia, the disappearances in Argentina & Chile, the death squad killings in El Salvador, Stalin’s purges, the killing of the Tutsi in Rwanda… and the list goes on…. It is imperative that a greater understanding of the psychological, cultural, political, and societal roots of human cruelty, mass violence, and genocide be developed". This web page has many unique and very valuable links including some which lead to extensive bibliographical material covering worldwide, historical and contemporary instances of genocide, as well as others leading to web pages by hate groups and Holocaust "revisionists". For example, she provides a link to the home page of The Institute for Historical Review, web page, (the pro-Nazi "revisionist" organization which publishes The Journal of Historical Review)
GENOCIDE / GENERAL / "DEMOCIDE" / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / DENIAL / HATE / THIRD WORLD
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Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide (genocide & mass murder) and War.
This is the personal website of Dr.
R.J. Rummel, a Nobel Peace Prize finalist known for his work on "democide"
(which term he defined as genocide and mass murder). Dr. Rummel is best
left to speak for himself:
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Web Genocide Documentation Centre; Internet Resources on Genocide and Mass Killings.
One of its many subject categories deals with the The Jewish
Holocaust 1933-1945
Documents compiled by Dr S D Stein, Faculty of Economics & Social Science
(ESS) University of the West of England, Bristol. These web pages
contain a veritable mine of historical documentary source materials and
other resources. GENOCIDE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / DOCUMENTARY
/ CAMPS / CRIMES / PERPETRATORS
/ GENERAL / THIRD WORLD -
Gendercide Watch "...seeks to confront acts of gender-selective mass killing around the world...."
The term was coined by Mary Anne Warner in, Gendercide: The Implications of Sex Selection, (1985) and this basic work has now been followed by a very extensive study of the subject in Gendercide and Genocide, edited by Adam Jones and published by Vanderbilt University Press in 2004. This website presents over 200 interesting links to very challenging essays, articles and other materials related to gendercide. It is well indexed by Case Studies.
- Genocide Watch. "Genocide Watch is the Coordinator for the International Campaign to End Genocide, founded in the Hague, Netherlands in May, 1999." The International Campaign to End Genocide was designed to provide public information about genocide, to bring to justice those who are responsible for it, and to work with various regional alliances in an effort to prevent it. The website contains a wealth of source materials which include those concerned with attempts by the United States to exempt its personnel from the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
- Prevent Genocide International. "Prevent Genocide International, established in 1998, is a global education and action network working to prevent the crime of genocide" Its substantial collection of historical source materials make this website an ideal educational resource. Here students can easily find the principal documents defining genocide and delineating the legal basis for the prosecution and punishment of those responsible for it.
- "...is an international Jewish human rights organization dedicated to preserving the memory of the Holocaust by fostering tolerance and understanding through community involvement, educational outreach and social action. The Center confronts important contemporary issues including racism, antisemitism, terrorism and genocide...."
- Genocide Studies Program, Yale Center for International and Area Studies. Director: Ben Kiernan, A.Whitney Griswold Professor of History, Yale University. Detailed information about the work of this extensive program and papers presented by scholars interested in the study and prevention of genocides from all over the world.
- Transforming People into Perpetrators of Evil. Philip G. Zimbardo, Ph.D., Stanford University (The Robert L. Harris Memorial Lecture). Holocaust Studies Center Sonoma State University 1999 Holocaust Lectures. March 9, 1999. A thought provoking article on the subject: "Why Does Genocide Continue to Exist?" Useful links are provided which lead to the lecture's main topics and subtopics. Should be excellent for classroom use.
"It is true that democratic freedom is an engine of economic development and welfare. Hardly known, however, is that freedom also saves millions of lives from war, collective violence, and democide (genocide and mass murder). That is, the more freedom, the less violence. Conversely, the more power at the center, the more violence. In short: power kills.
The purpose of this web site, then, is to make as widely available as possible my theory, work, results, and data that empirically and historically, quantitatively and qualitatively, support this conclusion about freedom. This is to invite their use, replication, and critical evaluation, and thereby to advance our knowledge of and confidence in freedom--in liberal democracy."
GENOCIDE / GENERAL / DEMOCRACY / DEMOCIDE
GENOCIDE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / DOCUMENTARY / CRIMES / PERPETRATORS / GENERAL / THIRD WORLD
GENOCIDE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / DOCUMENTARY / CRIMES / PERPETRATORS / GENERAL / THIRD WORLD
GENERAL / TOLERANCE / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENOCIDE / THIRD WORLD
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENOCIDE
ARTICLES, ESSAYS, PROFESSIONAL PAPERS Top
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Artwork by Holocaust Victim Is Focus of Dispute, by Celestine Bohlen (New York Times, June 20, 2001) "A bitter international scandal has erupted in a city in Ukraine, about 30 miles from the Polish border, where last month workers from Yad Vashem, Israel's main Holocaust museum, chiseled five fragments from a newly discovered series of wall paintings. They are the last known work of Bruno Schulz, a Polish Jewish writer, artist and Holocaust victim." Without permission the murals were removed and brought to Israel to be displayed at Yad Vashem's new historical museum in Jerusalem when it opens in 2004. Yad Vashem claimed that it had a "moral right" to all such remnants of the Holocaust. This was fiercely disputed by Polish officials who said the removal of the murals "bordered on vandalism."
ARTISTS / POLAND / VICTIMS / MEMORIAL / MUSEUMS / JEWISH
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Eichmann, the Banality of Evil, and Thinking in Arendt's Thought, Paper given at the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, in Boston, Massachusetts from August 10-15, 1998. Quotation from author's abstract: "I analyze the ways in which the faculty of thinking can avoid evil action, taking into account Hannah Arendt's discussion regarding the banality of evil and thoughtlessness in connection with the Eichmann trial. I focus on the following question posed by Arendt: "Could the activity of thinking as such, the habit of examining and reflecting upon whatever happens to come to pass, regardless of specific content and quite independent of results, could this activity be of such a nature that it 'conditions' men against evildoing?"
CRIMES / WITNESSES / PERPETRATORS
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Holocaust and Genocide Studies Online version (essays and reviews published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) This most essential periodical describes itself as "…the premier forum for work on the extensive body of literature and documentation on the Holocaust and genocide. It features essays and reviews that cut across the disciplines of history, literature, economics, religious studies, anthropology, political science, sociology, and others." An excellent archive of this Journal's essay titles and abstracts is available online; however, the full text of the articles may be used online only by subscribers to the printed journal.
GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / GENOCIDE
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Literature of the Holocaust; maintained by Al Filreis. This is certainly an extraordinary source of information. Organized alphabetically (with a helpful search engine) it provides electronic access to complete articles (on virtually every conceivable aspect of the Holocaust) from many sources including major newspapers. Also listed as part of the category, VALUABLE COLLECTIONS OF LINKS TO HOLOCAUST WEBSITES
GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
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Millersville University / Millersville, Pennsylvania, Annual Holocaust Conference
Conference Topics: ==>(2004) "Profiting From the Holocaust." (2003) "Children and the Holocaust." (2002) "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust." (2001) "Nazi Science and the Holocaust." (2000) "The Holocaust in the Context of the 20th Century." (1999) "Anne Frank: The Uses and Misuses of the Person and the Diary." (1998) "Righteous Gentiles." (1997) "The Origins of the Holocaust in Germany and in Europe." (1996) "The Holocaust: Then and Now, What have we Learned?" Full text versions of the papers are not available after 1999. Click on the following link: ==> The Electronic Journal of Annual Holocaust Conference Papers, 1996-1999 Several of the papers serve to challenge the relatively recent tendency to interpret the Holocaust narrowly as an outgrowth of traditional anti-Semitism with only Jewish victims. See for example Omar Bartov's essay maintaining that Nazi"death factories" are best understood in the context of 20th century warfare. This is also one of the themes in his book, Murder in Our Midst: The Holocaust, Industrial Killing, and Representation (New York : Oxford University Press, 1996).
GENERAL / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / CAMPS
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Select Listings from H-Holocaust: Professional Papers xoxoxo
- Germany: The Legacy of Bystanders, Cowards, Informers, Desktop Murderers, and Executioners
- The Role of "Produced Reality" in the Decision-Making Process Which Led to the Holocaust
- Forermyten. Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebbels Og Historien Bag Et Folkemord
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"The Eternal Jew"- A Blueprint for Genocide
[See above, link to illustrations from "The Eternal Jew"] -
Using Authentic Nazi Propaganda in Teaching the Holocaust: Problems,
Possibillities, Dangers and Experience
GENERAL
/ PROPAGANDA / GENOCIDE
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The Secular Word "HOLOCAUST": Scholarly Sacralization, Twentieth Century Meanings
by Jon Petrie. Jon Petrie conclusively demonstrates that the word H/holocaust was understood very broadly, without Judeo-Christian sacrificial connotations, prior to World War II and for a considerable time afterwards. "In the opinion of this writer," Petrie contends, "the implicit denial within the Holocaust Studies community that "holocaust" had a significant secular history prior to its employment as a referent to the Nazi Judeocide helps to support the idea that "h/Holocaust" can only be legitimately applied to the Nazi killings which, in turn, supports the pernicious ahistorical idea, that since other massacres require a different vocabulary, other massacres are incomparable to the Judeocide." [emphasis added] One version of this article was published in Journal of Genocide Research 2:1 (2000), 31-63, under the title, "The Secular Word HOLOCAUST: Scholarly Myths, History, and 20th Century Meanings." For more on this topic see the Web Watch page on this web site, under the headings: / "Curtesy of the H-Net...." / "Semantics: the word "Holocaust" -- should it be broadly applied... to all of Hitler's victims? " .
GENOCIDE / GENERAL / RELIGION
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Who's History? Revisionism and the Romani Holocaust "Holocaust Efforts to historically legitimate the Romani Holocaust have often become entangled in a grotesque 'numbers game', as scholars have found themselves frequently compelled to contest the assertions of revisionists committed to downplaying the significance and extent of the Porrajmos. Below is an example of one such encounter. Translated from the Hungarian, the first article is a revisionist broadside by Dr. László Karsai, the second, a rebuttal written by Dr. János Bársony and Ágnes Daróczi. Both articles originally appeared in Népszabadság."
GYPSIES / DENIAL / AUSCHWITZ / HUNGARY
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The International
Committee for Holocaust Truth: 1996 Three Reports.
The blatantly
homophobic International Committee for Holocaust Truth contends that
homosexuals were more the perpetrators of the Holocaust than its victims;
and the theme of the committee reports is well expressed by words which
appear at the conclusion of the first one: ("Hitler's plans for a
"1000 Year Reich," is a "Homofascist" Conspiracy which still thrives today
disguised as "gay" rights. Today's Holocaust memorial museums are being
co-opted as part of a broader homosexualist strategy.") The
ultra-right wing organization, "Washington for Traditional Values,"
selected the reports for presentation on their website.
In a similarly right wing revisionist essay, "Homosexuals: Holocaust Victims?" by the Family Defense Council, there are crude references to Liberals as promoters of the Homosexual political agenda particularly the memorializing of homosexuals in the Holocaust museums.
HOMOSEXUALS / VICTIMS / MEMORIAL / DENIAL / HATE / TOLERANCE
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"One Day They Were Simply Gone" The Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals (Rictor Norton (Ed.), Updated 21 Dec. 1999. The title of this essay derives from the testimony of a Sachsenhausen survivor: "I saw quite a number of pink triangles. I don't know how they were eventually killed. ...One day they were simply gone." Norton’s essay succinctly traces the history of persecution of Homosexuals since 1971, correctly contending that despite the brief period when homosexuals were tolerated in the SA the Nazi were militantly heterosexual. This essay is from Rictor Norton's website "Gay History & Literature; Essays by Rictor Norton." HOMOSEXUALS / VICTIMS / SURVIVORS
- This brief summary at the USHMM's Learning Center is a good introduction to the subject. It is followed by very useful related links and articles such as, Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich - a link providing access to a substantial web page which offers, personal stories, audio recordings of prominent scholars who have significantly contributed to the study of the Nazi persecution of homosexuals, an annotated bibliography, an article on lesbians and much more. Though the organization of interrelated links may at first be somewhat confusing there is a wealth of information about homosexuals available here at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum website. I would also recommend Homosexuals and the Holocaust, by Ben S. Austin, a brief historical overview replete with copies of relevant documents. HOMOSEXUALS / VICTIMS / EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
- This web site contains Weil's book which he describes as being a full-length scholarly monograph about the "violence" of Wagner's anti-Semitism. There are ten chapters totaling some 200 pages. Weil notes that his work stresses anti-Semitism and has "no extended discussion of Wagner's racial ideas." He recommends reading, Wagner, Race and Revolution by Paul Lawrence Rose for more information in that area.
- by Gabriel Schoenfeld, Commentary Magazine, Vol. 110, September 2000, No. 2. The magazine's short description of the article reads: "The heedless and sometimes groundless pursuit of restitution is inflicting damage on Jewish interests, Jewish honor, and history itself." This article has now been archived and access to it is available by paid subscription only; fortunately, the fee for a daily, weekly, monthly, or annual subscription is nominal. For an opposing interpretation consult, Tom Bower's Nazi Gold: The Full Story of the Fifty-Year Swiss-Nazi Conspiracy to Steal Billions from Europe’s Jews and Holocaust Survivors. New York: HarperCollins, 1997. N.U., Snell Library, HG 3204.B68 1997. Commentary Magazine also featured an article about opposition to the Schoenfeld's thesis: Holocaust Reparations...(January 2001) Gabriel Schoenfeld & Critics REPARATIONS / VICTIMS
- By William E. Seidelman. Dimensions; A journal of Holocaust Studies (published by the Anti-Defamation League's Braun Holocaust Institute).This is a short but informative article in four parts: "Medical Professions and Nazism's Programs"; "Doctors and Medical Atrocities"; "Reporting on the Role of Universities" with a brief conclusion.
- By Yankel Wiernik. This is a verbatim translation (from Yiddish) of the first eye-witness account of the Nazi death camp Treblinka. It was written by an inmate, Yankel Wiernik, a Jewish worker from Warsaw who spent a year there and finally escaped during the uprising in 1943. It was published by the Jewish underground, clandestinly, in early 1944. This online illustrated copy now appears courtesy of Ada Holtzman in her website, "We Remember." It is one among many items about Treblinka that can be found there.
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Defending a Holocaust Memory; Some dispute talk of soap-making.
By Charles A. Radin, Globe Staff, Boston Globe,
1/29/2001. An interview with Helen Mahut, a Northeastern University
Professor Emeritus. In April, 1945, having survived the Holocaust by
passing as a Christian, Professor Mahut and her husband Stefan discovered a
laboratory at the Institute of Hygiene in Danzig where the Germans had been
making soap out of human flesh. Unfortunately, despite the fact
that there are many such surviving eye witnesses, some Holocaust
historians will still yield to the arguments of the Holocaust
deniers, and say that this soap making never happened. To quickly
locate this article click on >==>
Globe's
website search. Then, unless there have been changes made in the
search procedures, you must then select,
"Search articles from: [past 5 years]" and enter the
words: [Charles A Radin Defending a Holocaust Memory]
RACISM / ANTI-SEMITISM
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SCIENCE / DOCTORS / CRIMES / VICTIMS
WITNESSES / SURVIVORS / CAMPS / GHETTOS / RESISTANCE / TREBLINKA
WITNESSES / SURVIVORS / CRIMES / DENIAL
WEBSITES MANAGED BY HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS
Judy Cohen
"Women
and the Holocaust; A Cyberspace of Their Own;
[Judy Cohen,
survivor-editor] DEDICATED TO ALL THOSE WOMEN: Who were murdered while
pregnant. Holding little hands of children or carrying infants in their
arms on the way to be gassed. In hiding. To the mothers who gave their
children to be hidden, many never to find them again. Or as fighters in the
resistance: in ghettos, forests, partisan units. And to the lives of those
few who survived and bravely carried on." This very important web site,
by and about women who endured the Holocaust, provides rich offerings.
This site also features a useful bibliography as well as a collection of
links primarily, but not exclusively, about women.
<click to return to the above category:
"Valuable Collections of Links">
WOMEN /
WITNESSES / SURVIVORS / POLAND /
MEMORIAL / GENERAL
Irene Frisch --
Anne Frank and Me: Short Stories & Essays by Irene Frisch
This web site is a treasure of personal memories written by a Holocaust
survivor. There are stories about hiding and rescue, places, people and
post war experiences in Israel and the United States. They are written with
a refreshing simplicity and disarming candor that speak volumes.
WOMEN / WITNESSES / SURVIVORS / POLAND
/ MEMORIAL / GENERAL
Ester Golan -- Home Page.
In March 1939, Ester Golan was sent by her parents from Berlin to Scotland
on a Kindertransport. She managed to corresponded with her parents
until their death in 1942. This very valuable correspondence is now on the
web. Also linked to the website is her review of, The Jewish Children
Transport from Germany to England 1938/39 History and Memory (Der Juedische
Kindertransport von Deutschland nach England 1938/9 Geschichte & Erinnerung).
WITNESSES / VICTIMS / SURVIVORS /
MEMORIAL
The Charlotte
Guthmann Opfermann web site. @
<charlotteo@aol.com> Charlotte Opfermann is a concentration camp survivor
and words of introduction to the site indicate that while imprisoned at
Theresienstadt she wrote a play ("Kai aus der Kiste") for the
German-speaking children interned there. The children secretly performed
the play in the fall of 1944. Also, with the help of a Czech friend (Irma
Semecka, nee Frank) Ms.
Opfermann managed to hide and preserve works by the Czech composer
Gideon Klein and an
oil portrait of him done by Charlotte Buresova.
The later is now displayed at the Prague Jewish Museum and Gideon Klein's
works are still being performed. [Return
to Holocaust Composers] Ms.
Opfermann remains very active, with remarkable versatility, as a lecturer,
teacher, and author. See e.g., <TheBialystokChildren>
where Ms. Opfermann relates her personal account as a witness to the
treatment of the 1,264 Bialystok children at Theresienstadt. The Nazi's
pretended they were willing to save these Jewish children as a part of an
"exchange" deal with Great Britain; but the children remained at
Theresienstadt for only a short time before being transported to Auschwitz.
The German's continued to negotiate with Britain long after the children
had been murdered
GENERAL /
WITNESSES / SURVIVORS / BIALYSTOK / ARTISTS
/ MUSIC / THERESIENSTADT
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS ABOUT RESCUERS
&
OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
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The
RESCUE /
WITNESSES
SCIENCE
/ DOCTORS / PERPETRATORS / WITNESSES /
CRIMES
WOMEN /
WITNESSES / SURVIVORS
04/15/04
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If you find errors, or there is a web site that you wish to add to
these listings please contact pnbackstrom@comcast.net
